This course covers many topics related to the earth’s geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Students then learn about fossils and how both uniformitarians (creationists) and catastrophists (evolutionists) interpret them. Students learn about the waves, currents, and tides in the ocean. The atmosphere is then discussed, including the composition of air, temperature gradients, pollutants, and weather. The course ends with two chapters on space.

Students will do experiments including mineral tests, rock analyses, fossil studies, density investigations, and magnetic property explorations. Students also get hands-on experience with waves, gases, wind, water purification, cloud formation, the Coriolis effect, precipitation, and acid/base interactions.